ABSTRACT
The achievement of China's carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction target is of great significance in the face of global climate change. Accurate identification of key factors that affect CO2 emissions can provide theoretical support to policymakers when designing related policies. Compared to the traditional method, the generalized Divisia index method (GDIM) can capture the influence of multiple scale factors on carbon emissions, providing new tools for studying the decomposition of carbon emissions. The article proposed a GDIM-based decomposition method to analyze the drivers that influence CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2017. The results indicate that investment activity is the primary element in promoting China's carbon emissions, followed by energy use and economic activities. On the contrary, investment carbon intensity is the vital inhibitory factor, followed by GDP carbon intensity. Specifically, the positive driving force of investment and energy use is gradually weakening, while the contribution of economic activities is continuously strengthening. The effectiveness of carbon emission reduction in the Northeast, East, and Southwest is actively promoting China's carbon emission reduction, while the effectiveness of CO2 emission reduction in the Northwest is not performing well. The findings provide support and reference for carbon emission control in China. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
With the spread of COVID-19 in the world, the medical protective clothing has becoming more and more important. However, there have been few reports on the analysis of the current protective clothing standards. This paper summarizes the current standards of medical protective clothing at home and abroad systematically. Furthermore, the main standards of medical protective clothing (GB19082-2009, ISO 16603-2004, ISO 16604-2004, NFPA1999-2018, EN14126-2003) are compared. Through the analysis, the protection requirements of various standards are compared in detail, the shortcomings of the standards of surgical clothing are pointed out, and lastly suggestions for improvement are put forward.
ABSTRACT
With the further spread of COVID-19, the market trend the protective mask industry presents new changes, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for the development of China's textile industry. This paper reviews the origin and development of masks and expounds the internal structure and protective mechanism of masks. Masks are an important line of defense against respiratory infections and can reduce the risk of novel coronavirus infection. Masks can not only prevent the patient from spraying droplets, reduce the amount and speed of droplets, but also block the virus containing droplets nucleus, preventing the wearer from inhaling. There are many types of face masks on the market, and different types of face masks have different application ranges. Different types of face masks follow different standards. The author investigated the application scope and relevant standards of masks in various countries, sorted out the classification, standards and evaluation indicators, etc., in order to provide help for medical personnel and the public. Through analysis, the new surgical mask with high antibacterial, high viral resistance and comfortable wearing is an important development direction in the future.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Whether patients with COVID-19 require invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is not yet clear. This article summarizes the clinical treatment process and clinical data of patients with COVID-19 and analyzes the predictive factors for mechanical ventilation for these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out from January 5, 2020, to March 23, 2020, including 98 patients with COVID-19 treated at three designated hospitals in Huangshi City, Hubei Province. Data collection included demographics, previous underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, imaging examination results, diagnosis, and prognosis. This study presents a summary of the patients' overall clinical characteristics and clarifies the predictive factors for MV in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: There were 56 males and 42 females included in this study. The mortality rate was 26.53% (26/98). Fever, cough, and chest tightness were the most common symptoms (64.3%, 37.8%, and 12.2%, respectively). Thirty cases required MV, 30.61% of the total cases, and the mortality rate was 73.33%. The univariate comparison showed that dyspnea, acute physiologic assessment, chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, and the ratio between arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and oxygen concentration (FiO2) (P/F) were statistically different between the MV group and the non-MV group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results showed the following: dyspnea; increased white blood cell count; decreased platelets; lowered albumin levels; increased urea nitrogen; increased levels of myocardial enzymes Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase, MB Form (CKMB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); increased lactate, and lowered blood calcium tests. These findings may indicate that the patients have an increased probability of needing MV support. A cutoff value for the initial APACHE II score of >11.5 and the initial PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <122.17 mmHg should be considered for MV support for patients with COVID-19.